Friday 8 March 2013

Unit 7 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES(IF-CLUASES)



UNIT 7


IF-CLAUSES/Conditionals






                





SUMARY:






IF-CLAUSE
MAIN CLAUSE
MEANING
General conditions
("Zero" Conditional)
Simple present
Simple present
General laws; things that are always true
Possible conditions
(1st Conditional)
Simple present
WILL + V
(also CAN, MAY, MUST & imperatives)
Probable future result
Hypothetical conditions
(2nd Conmditional)
Simple past
WOULD + V
(also COULD / MIGHT)
Imaginary situation in the present or future
Impossible conditions
(3rd Conditional)
Past Perfect
WOULD HAVE + pp
(also COULD / MIGHT)
Imaginary situation in the past
UNLESS can be used with the meaning "IF ... NOT" in general and possible conditions only.

Other structures



  • As long as, providing (or provided that) and on condition: these expressions meanonlyifand can be used with the same verb forms as conditional sentences:
    In Spain you can drive a car as long as you are 18
  • Inversion of subject and verb: this structure is very common in formal English in conditional sentences with should and the past perfect. When inversion is used, we omit if:
Had I known about the transport strike, I would have taken my car.
Should you meet Sheila, tell her the meeting has been postponed.




GRAMMAR LINKS / GRAMÁTICA DE FRASES DE CONDICIONAL (IF-CLAUSES)








http://www.unite.it/UniTE/Engine/RAServeFile.php/f/File_Prof/ROSATI_1123/Exercises_on_if-clauses.pdf
http://www.english-grammar.at/worksheets/if_clauses/if1.pdf


http://www.english-grammar.at/worksheets/if_clauses/if2.pdf


http://www.english-grammar.at/worksheets/if_clauses/if3.pdf



If vs. In case
IF (SI) IN CASE (POR SI ACASO)
An if clausediffers in meaning from an in case clause. An if clause is something we do only if the action in the other clause occurs (not before). An in case clause is an action we take before something might occur. An in case clause indicates a precaution.
If you need to reach me, call my cell phone.  (Do this after X happens.) In the event (that) you need to reach me, write down my phone number.  (Do this before X happens.)








INVERSION IN CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (ADVANCED LEVEL)
In formal English conditional sentences can be formed by inversion of subject and auxiliary. Also, if is removed.
Consider these examples:
  • Were I you, I would visit my grandfather.
In formal English conditional sentences can be formed by inversion of subject and auxiliary. Also, if is removed.
Consider these examples:
  • Were I you, I would visit my grandfather.
  • Had I known this fact before, I wouldn't have come here.
  • Had Jake been informed about the meeting, he would have participated.


CONDITIONAL CLAUSES
Grammar theory -
Conditional clauses, describe the condition upon which the action in the main clause depends. Their basic structure is the following:
If…………then………………..
Different types of conditional will depend on how possible is that expressed in the conditional clause.
Type 0- neutral type
Here if could be replaced by when and the resulting sentence would be:
'When it was very cold, we switched on the heating.'
IF
PRESENT (or same tense)
PRESENT (or same tense
If
It is very cold/it was very cold
We switch/switched on the heating

Type I- open condition
What happens in the main clause may or may not happen, depending on the conditional cluse
IF
PRESENT
FUTURE, IMPERATIVE, CAN, MAY
If
You want to lose weight,
You will probably be hungry
If
You see her,
Tell her to give me a ring
IMPERATIVE
"AND"/"OR"
FUTURE
Keep working like that
And
You will have an accident
Please sit down
Or
You won't see the show.

Something that may happen is seen as depending on chance or highly improbable.
IF
SHOULD
FUTURE and IMPERATIVE
If
You should find this can difficult to open,
Return to the shop
SHOULD + subject + verb
FUTURE and IMPERATIVE
Should you find my keyholder,
You will telephone me immediately
Telephone me immediately


Type 2- hypothetical but possible condition
The main clause depends on an imaginary non fact in the if-clause, expressed by past tenses
IF
PAST
CONDITIONAL, COULD, MIGHT
If
You bought a car
You would spend money on fuel
You could drive your friends around
It is less likely that the action in the conditional takes place.
IF
"WERE TO"
CONDITIONAL, COULD, MIGHT
If
You were to meet Mr James,
You could see that he's a nasty little guy
WERE + SUBJECT + TO INFINITIVE
CONDITIONAL, COULD, MIGHT
Were you to find walking difficult,
You could try the easy way up.


Type 3- hypothetical but unreal condition
What is said in the main clause is an imaginary consequence of something that that didn't happen
IF
PAST PERFECT
PERFECT CONDITIONAL
If
We had followed his advices
We would have found a house near the river
IF
PAST PERFECT
COULD or MIGHT HAVE
If
You had told me before
I could have got you the tickets


Summary of inversions in the conditional sentences
In type 1
"SHOULD" INVERTED
FUTURE or IMPERATIVE
Should my mother call me
Tell her I'm not feeling too well

In type 2
"WERE TO" INVERTED
CONDITIONAL
Were they to arrive tomorrow
We would have to buy some food


In type 3
PAST PERFECT INVERTED
PERFECT CONDITIONAL
Had you seen what I saw
you would have also believed it


Other expressions used in conditional clauses:
UNLESS
" Si no…"
"A menos que..."
You won't finish the race unless you control your effort.
"WHETHER…OR NOT"
"Tanto….como si no "
Whether you pay or not, you won't get in without an invitation.
"ON CONDITION THAT"
"PROVIDED THAT"
"PROVIDING THAT"
"SO LONG AS"
"AS LONG AS
"Siempre que, en tanto que, con la condición de que,...etc
"ASSUMING THAT"
"SUPPOSING THAT"
"SUPPOSE THAT"
"Suponiendo que.."


"I will only tell my age on condition that you tell yours."
"What would you do supposing that you were given the chance to see the future ?"
"Assuming that it's fine tomorrow, we'll go for a swim"

Exercise 1

MIXED CONDITIONALS (3)

1.If I _________________ (be) rich enough to buy a desert island, I ___________(not build) many houses, or wildlife _________________.(disappear)
2. It is a pity the owner of that Picasso didn't want to sell, because if she _______________ (want) to put up the picture for sale, I _________________ (buy) it.
3. If my mother _________________ (come) to see our new house, we _____________ (have) to have our windows repaired.
4. You _________________(can) watch English TV unless you _________________ (buy) a satellite dish. If I _________________ (be) you, I _________________(buy) one.
5. I'm sure some people in the institute _________________ (wear) jeans even if they _________________ (live) under the water.

Exercise 2

MIXED CONDITIONAL (4)

1. If you ____________________ (have) anything to say to me, please ____________________ (tell) me quick.

2. I would have asked for another set if you ____________________ (give) me the money.

3. ____________________ children start bothering you, please ____________________ (call) the teacher.

4. Drive faster and you ____________________ (have) an accident.

5. If I ____________________ what was going to happen, I ____________________ the club.

6. If he ____________________ (be) on his knees today, maybe I ____________________ (marry) him.

7. You ____________________(can) to pass your driving test, provided that you
____________________(keep) calm.

8.What ____________________ you ____________________ (do) if you ____________________ (find)a bag containing a lot of money ?

9. I ____________________ (tell) you on conditon that you ____________________ (not tell) anybody.

10. Something horrible ____________________ ( happen)if I ____________________ (not turn) off the gas

Exercise 3

Rewrite these sentences using the conjunctions in brackets.

1. If you gave me 1000€ I still ____________(not go) into a coal mine.(Even if)
Even if you gave me 1000€ I wouldn't go into a coal mine.

2 I (lend) you my book if you let me have it back by Monday. (on (the) condition (that))
____________________________________________________________

3 If you look after it, I (let) you keep my bicycle till the weekend. (providing (that))
______________________________________________________

4 If you (not tell) anyone else, I'll tell you what happened. (so long as)
______________________________________________________

5 If it (be) a holiday on Monday, we can drive to the seaside. (assuming (that))
______________________________________________________

6 The children were never scolded if they (do) what they were told. (so long as)_-
______________________________________________________

exercise 4

Put in the right conditionals.

THE SECRET OF A LONG LIFE

Grygori Pilikian recently celebrated his 114th birthday and reporters visited him in his mountain village in Georgia to find out the secret of a long life. 'The secret of a long life,' Grygori said, 'is happiness. If you (be) 1 __________ happy, you will live a long time.' 'Are you married?' a reporter asked. 'Yes,' Grygori replied. 'I married my third wife when I was 102. If you are happily married, you (live)__________2 for ever. But for my third wife, I __________(die) 3 years ago.' 'What about smoking and drinking?' a reporter asked. 'Yes, they are important,' Grygori said. 'Don't smoke at all and you (feel)__________ 4 well. Drink two glasses of wine a day and you__________ (be) 5 healthy and happy.' 'If you_________ (can/live) B your life again, what (you/do) 7__________?' a reporter asked. 'I would do what I have done. If I had had more sense, I __________(eat) 8 more yoghourt!' he chuckled. 'Supposing you __________(can/change) 9 one thing in your life what you/change)__________ 1O ?' another reporter asked. 'Not much,' Grygori replied. 'So you don't have anyregrets?' 'Yes, I have one regret,' Grygori replied. 'If I (know) 11__________ I was going to live so long, I__________(look after) 12 myself better!'













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