TENSES IN ENGLISH

RESUMEN TIEMPOS VERBALES

PRESENTE SIMPLE

Afirmativa--Sujeto + Infinitivo sin to (3ª se le añade -s- o -es) I read my book

Negativa--Sujeto + don´t / doesn´t + infinitivo sin to I don´t read the book

Interrogativa--Do/Does + Sujeto + infinitivo sin to Do you read the book?

PRESENTE CONTINUO

Prsente simple de to be y el participio de presente del verbo que se conjuga.

Afirmativa—Sujeto + To be + Verbo -ing I am playing football

Interrogativa—To be + Sujeto + Verbo -ing Am I playing football?

Negativa—Sujeto + To be + not + Verbo -ing I am not playing football

* Para hablar de algo que está pasando en el momento-- Wnat are you doing now?
* Para hablar de PLANES ya en marcha (+ expresión que indique FUTURO:later,tomorrow

PRESENTE PERFECTO SIMPLE

Afirmativa—Sujeto + Have (has)+ Verbo (3ªColumna o -ed-) I have been in New York

Interrogativa—Have/has + Sujeto + Verbo (3ªColumna o -ed-) Have I been in New York?

Negativa—Sujeto + Haven´t/hasn´t + Verbo (3ªColumna o -ed-) I haven´t been in New York

* Para hablar de experiencies en la vida-- Have you ever visited Paris?
* Acciones pasadas RECIENTES o NOTICIA.
Adverbios—Yet, always, never, ever, just, already

1) Si para preguntar por el tiempo en que se realizó una acción es preciso utilizar el pasado simple, para preguntar sencillamente por la realización de una acción se usa el presente perfecto. Ejemplos: When did you go to London? (pasado simple) . Have you ever been to London? (presente perfecto).

2) con referencia a acciones realizadas recientemente en expresiones con just, adverbio que debe situarse entre el auxiliar y el participio. La expresión castellana equivalente se construye con acabar de. Ejemplo: I have just seen her --- Acabo de verla.

3) con referencia a acciones recientes o con expresiones que denotan un período de tiempo aún no acabado. Ejemplo: I have read that book recently . I have not read that book yet.

4) con referencia a acciones iniciadas en el pasado que siguen desarrollándose en el presente. En estos casos es frecuente el uso de las preposiciones for (si se trata de un período de tiempo) o since (si se menciona el momento concreto o la fecha exacta en que se comenzó la acción). Ejemplos: I have worked here for ten years. I have worked here since July.

PASADO SIMPLE

No se especifica el momento en el que ocurrio la accion. Se forma añadiendo -ed al infinitivo sin to. Cuando el verbo acaba en -e sólo se añade -d.

Afirmativa—Sujeto + Verbo (2ªcolumna o -ed-) + Comp—I bought flowers

Interrogativa—Did + Sujeto + infinitivo sin to + Comp—Did I buy flowers in the shop?

Negativa—Sujeto + didn´t + Verbo en infinitivo sin to

PASADO CONTINUO

Se forma con el pasado simple del auxiliar to be y el participio de presente del verbo que se conjuga.

Afirmativa—Sujeto + was/were + Verbo -ing I was playing football

Interrogativa—Was/were + Sujeto + Verbo -ing Was I playing football?

Negativa—Sujeto + wasn´t/weren´t + Verbo -ing I wasn´t playing football

* Para hablar de algo estaba en curso en momento concreto del pasado--I was watching at 9.00

FUTURO SIMPLE

* Cuando se decide hacer algo en el momento de hablar
* Cuando algo va a ocurrir en un futuro lejano
* Con peticiones, con pronósticos, con promesas,invitaciones
* Cuando nos negamos a hacer algo
*Para ofrecerse—I will phone the police for you
* En lenguaje formal (en las noticias)—The president will open de new heliport tomorrow
* En los restaurantes—I´ll have roast-beef
* En las oraciones temporales y condicionales (1er orden.)—If you want, I´ll buy the CD

FUTURE PLANS

To be going to (ver también Pres Continuous with future meaning y el Fut. Continuous)

* Para expresar una intención—I´m going to fly Paris
* Para expresar una predicción de la que hay evidencias en el presente—It´s going to rain (It´s cloudy)
* Para expresar un rechazo—I´m not going to do it

Pasado Continuo

I/she/he/it was +verbo-ing

They/we/you were +verboi-ing

Uso

Describir una actividad que ocurría en un momento específico del pasado:

At 6 o'clock I was working in the garden

Describir una actividad interrumpida por una más corta:

They arrived while we were cooking

Describir dos actividades que ocurren en un mismo tiempo:

I was reading a book while my brother was listening to music

Present perfect (pretérito perfecto simple)

He/she/it has + verbo 3 columna

I/you/they/We + verbo 3 columna

Uso

Acciones del pasado que tienen importancia en el presente:

I have won the lottery .I have your mother in the supermarket

Con el adverbio just se expresan acciones que acaban de ocurrir:

We have just come back from London

Expresiones de periodo incomplete como: this morning, this week, this month, today:

We haven´t seen frank this morning

Con las preposiciones for y since: expresiones que empezó en el pasado y no ha acabado:

I have lived in Malaga for three year

Sara has studied Russian since 1999

Present perfect continuous (pretérito perfecto continuo)

I/you/we/they have + been + verbo-ing

He/she/it has + been + verbo-ing

Uso

Hablar de actividad que empezó en el pasado y que continúa en el presente, se resalta la duración de la actividad, se suele utilizar la preposición for o since.

We have been studying since 9 o'clock

Hablar de una actividad que empezó en el pasado y ha acabado recientemente:

You have been sleeping all morning

Past perfect (pretérito pluscuamperfecto)

I/she/he/it/we/they/you + had (´d) + verbo 3 columna + lo que sea

Uso

Para hablar de una acción pasada que ocurrió antes que otra (también en el pasado):

The train had already left when we arrived at the station.

1 orden 2 orden

Future simple

I/she/he/it/we/they/you + will +verbo infinitive

Uso

Expresar predicciones del futuro:

It Hill be cloudy tomorrow morning

Hacer promesas:

I will write to you every day

Hacer un ofrecimiento:

A: I can't put the book on the top shelf

B: I will do it for you

En las oraciones condicionales del primer tipo:

If + present simple + futuro:

If it rains, I won't go

Tomar una decisión en el momento de hablar:

I think I will have a sandwich now

Future with going to

He/she/it is going to

I am going to

We/you/they are going to

Uso

Expresar intenciones:

I'm going to work harder (voy a estudiar más)

Hablar de un plan futuro:

A famous architect is going to build a new museum

Hacer predicciones futuras a partir de un hecho evidente en el presente:

Loot at those clouds. It's going to rain in a minute.

Future continuous

I/she/he/it/we/they/you + will be + verbo-ing

Uso

Hablar de acciones que estarán en marcha en un momento determinado del futuro:

At this time next week I will de playing with my friends

Preguntar por los planes de los demás, cuando pedir un favor:

Will you be using the computer this afternoon?

Future perfect

I/she/he/it/we/they/you + will have + verbos en tercera columna

Uso

Hablar de acciones que en un futuro estarán finalizadas (En un futuro va a ser pasado):

By next July, I will have passed all my exams

I will have painted the house by next week

ENGLISH LESSONS

VERBSTENSE REVISION CHART

Verb(to play)	Tense	Use	Example
I play	Present simplemore...	▪ Regular activities - routine - habits	▪ Anne and Sophie play tennis on Saturday afternoons.
I am playing	Present continuousmore...	▪ Continuous action now or at the present time.	▪ Anne and Sophie are playing at the moment.
I have played	Present Perfect Simple more...	▪ Finished part of a continuous action ▪ Completed actions in an unfinished period of time ▪ Recent events (no time mentioned) ▪ Past action with a result in the present. ▪ Experiences (no time mentioned)	▪ So far they have played two sets. ▪ They have played several other matches this month. ▪ Their parents have just arrived. ▪ Sophie has broken her racket so she's got to change it. ▪ They have played in many tournaments.
I have been playing	Present Perfect Continuous more...	▪ Actions begun in the past which continue today.	▪ They have been playing tennis since 2 pm.
I played	Past Simple more...	▪ Finished actions at a specific time in the past.	▪ Last Saturday Sophie played in another tournament.
I was playing	Past Continuousmore...	▪ Continuous actions at a specific time in the past.	▪ At 2.30 pm they were startingthe second set.
I had played	Past Perfect Simplemore...	▪ Actions before a specific time in the past.	▪ Before they arrived, two other people had played a match.
I had been playing	Past Perfect Continuous more...	▪ Past continuous actions	▪ When their parents arrived, theywere already playing.
I will play	Future simple more...	▪ Predictions ▪ Spontaneous decisions or offers	▪ Sophie will win the match today. ▪ I'll lend you my tennis racket!
I will be playing	Future continuous	▪ Future continuous actions	▪ Next Saturday they will be playing in another town.
I will have played	Future perfect	▪ Completed future action.	▪ By September, they will have played 12 matches.
I will have been playing	Future perfect continuous	▪ Continuous future action completed at a given time.	▪ At 4 pm Anne and Sophie will have been playing for 2 hours.
I would play	Conditional Simplemore...	▪ Probable action in an imaginary situation	▪ I would play tennis if I had a racket.
I would be playing	Conditional Continuous	▪ Continuous action in an imaginary situation.	▪ Anne would be playing tennis if you came on a Saturday afternoon.
I would have played	Conditional Perfect	▪ Speculating about hypothetical situations in the past.	▪ I would have playedyesterdayifyou had asked me.
I would have been playing	Cond. Perfect Continuous	▪ Continuous hypothetical situations.	▪ I would have been playing with Anne if I had won my last match.

English Tenses Timeline Chart

This timeline tenses chart provides a handy reference sheet to English tenses and their relationship to one another and the past, present and future. Conjugated verbs are highlighted in bold. Tenses which are rarely used in everyday conversation are marked by an asterik (*).

		TIMELINE
SIMPLE ACTIVE	SIMPLE PASSIVE		PROGRESSIVE / CONTINUOUS ACTIVE	PROGRESSIVE / CONTINUOUS PASSIVE
		PAST TIME ^ \| \| \| \|
She had already eatenwhen I arrived.	The painting had been sold twice before it was destroyed.	^ \| PAST PERFECT \| \|	I had been waitingfor four hours when he finally arrived.	The house had been being painted for over a month before they began to decorate the interior. *
I bought a new car last week.	The book was writtenin 1876 by Frank Smith.	^ \| PAST \| \|	I was watching TVwhen she arrived.	The problem was being solved when I arrived late for class.
She has lived in California for many years.	The company has been managed by Fred Jones for the last two years.	^ \| PRESENT PERFECT \| \|	She has been working at Johnson's for six months.	The students have been being taught for the last four hours. *
He works five days a week.	Those shoes are made in Italy.	^ \| PRESENT \| \|	I am working at the moment.	The work is being doneby Jim.
		\| \| PRESENT MOMENT \| \|
		\| FUTURE INTENTION \| \| V	They are going to flyto New York tomorrow.	The reports are going to be completed by the marketing department.
The sun will shinetomorrow.	The food will be brought later.	\| FUTURE SIMPLE \| \| V	She will be teachingtomorrow at six o'clock.	The rolls will be being baked at two. *
I will have completed the course by the end of next week.	The project will have been finishedby tomorrow afternoon.	\| FUTURE PERFECT \| \| V	She will have been workinghere for two years by the end of next month.	The house will have been being built for six months by the time they finish. *
		FUTURE TIME \| \| \| \| V

Table of Tenses (including signal words)

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/tenses_table.pdf

GRAMMAR NOTES (VERY GOOD)

http://www.chabotcollege.edu/languagearts/esl/verb%20tense%20book--pdf.pdf

SIGNAL WORDS

(See also http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/tenses_table.pdf )

Present Simple

every ... (day)
sometimes
often
usually
seldom

Present Progressive

now
at the moment
Look!
Listen!

Pres. Continuous (future/be going to)

at...
next...

Simple Past

last ...
... ago
yesterday
in + Past date

Present Perfect

yet
ever
already
so far
up to now

Future Perfect

by+ time

http://www.learn-english-today.com/lessons/lesson_contents/verbs_tense-revision.htm

LIST OF MAIN IRREGULAR VERBS (+ PRONUNCIATION)

http://myverbs.free.fr/es/?page=listeareviser

#	Base verbal	Simple	Participio pasado	Traducción
1	arise	arose	arisen	surgir, levantarse (a-)

2	awake	awoke	awoken	despertarse (a-)

3	be	was	been	ser, estar

4	bear	bore	borne	dar a luz, soportar

5	beat	beat	beaten	vencer, golpear

6	become	became	become	convertirse en, llegar a ser

7	begin	began	begun	comenzar, empezar

8	bend	bent	bent	curvarse, doblar

9	bet	bet	bet	apostar

10	bid	bade	bidden	pujar

11	bind	bound	bound	atar, encuadernar

12	bite	bit	bitten	morder

13	bleed	bled	bled	sangrar

14	blow	blew	blown	soplar, hinchar

15	break	broke	broken	romper

16	breed	bred	bred	criar, alimentar

17	bring	brought	brought	traer, llevar

18	build	built	built	construir, edificar

19	burn	burnt	burnt	quemar, arder

20	burst	burst	burst	reventar, estallar

21	buy	bought	bought	comprar

22	cast	cast	cast	arrojar, tirar (c-)

23	catch	caught	caught	coger

24	choose	chose	chosen	escoger, elegir

25	cling	clung	clung	agarrarse, aferrarse

26	come	came	come	venir

27	cost	cost	cost	costar

28	creep	crept	crept	arrastrarse

29	cut	cut	cut	cortar

30	deal	dealt	dealt	tratar

31	dig	dug	dug	cavar

32	do	did	done	hacer

33	draw	drew	drawn	dibujar, pintar

34	dream	dreamt	dreamt	soñar

35	drink	drank	drunk	beber

36	drive	drove	driven	conducir

37	eat	ate	eaten	comer

38	fall	fell	fallen	caer(se)

39	feed	fed	fed	alimentar

40	feel	felt	felt	sentir

41	fight	fought	fought	luchar

42	find	found	found	encontrar

43	flee	fled	fled	huir

44	fling	flung	flung	lancer

45	fly	flew	flown	volar

46	forbid	forbade	forbidden	prohibir

47	foresee	foresaw	foreseen	prever

48	forget	forgot	forgotten	olvidar

49	forgive	forgave	forgiven	perdonar

50	freeze	froze	frozen	helar, congelar

51	get	got	got	conseguir, lograr, obtener

52	give	gave	given	dar

53	go	went	gone	ir

54	grind	ground	ground	moler

55	grow	grew	grown	crecer

56	hang	hung	hung	colgar

57	have	had	had	tener, haber

58	hear	heard	heard	oír

59	hide	hid	hidden	esconder, esconderse

60	hit	hit	hit	golpear (h)

61	hold	held	held	agarrar, coger

62	hurt	hurt	hurt	herir, dañar

63	keep	kept	kept	guardar, mantener

64	kneel	knelt	knelt	arrodillarse

65	knit	knit	knit	hacer punto

66	know	knew	known	conocer, saber

67	lay	laid	laid	poner

68	lead	led	led	conducir, dirigir

69	lean	leant	leant	apoyarse

70	leap	leapt	leapt	brincar

71	learn	learnt	learnt	aprender

72	leave	left	left	dejar

73	lend	lent	lent	prestar

74	let	let	let	dejar, permitir

75	lie	lay	lain	echarse

76	light	lit	lit	encender

77	lose	lost	lost	perder

78	make	made	made	hacer, fabricar

79	mean	meant	meant	significar

80	meet	met	met	conocerse por primera vez, encontrarse

81	mistake	mistook	mistaken	errar, equivocarse

82	mow	mowed	mown	segar

83	overcome	overcame	overcome	vencer

84	pay	paid	paid	pagar

85	put	put	put	poner

86	quit	quit	quit	salir, parar (q)

87	read	read	read	leer

88	rend	rent	rent	rasgar, alquilar

89	ride	rode	ridden	conducir, montar

90	ring	rang	rung	llamar (al timbre o por teléfono)

91	rise	rose	risen	elevarse, levantarse (r-)

92	run	ran	run	correr

93	saw	sawed	sawn	serrar

94	say	said	said	decir

95	see	saw	seen	ver

96	seek	sought	sought	buscar

97	sell	sold	sold	vender

98	send	sent	sent	enviar

99	set	set	set	poner (se)

100	sew	sewed	sewn	coser

101	shake	shook	shaken	sacudir

102	shear	sheared	shorn	esquilar

103	shed	shed	shed	perder (hojas)

104	shine	shone	shone	brillar

105	shoe	shod	shod	herrar

106	shoot	shot	shot	disparar

107	show	showed	shown	enseñar, mostrar

108	shrink	shrank	shrunk	encoger/se

109	shut	shut	shut	cerrar

110	sing	sang	sung	cantar

111	sink	sank	sunk	hundirse

112	sit	sat	sat	sentar/se

113	sleep	slept	slept	dormir

114	slide	slid	slid	deslizarse, resbalar

115	sling	slung	slung	lanzar (con fuerza)

116	smell	smelt	smelt	oler

117	sow	sowed	sown	sembrar

118	speak	spoke	spoken	hablar

119	speed	sped	sped	acelerar

120	spell	spelt	spelt	deletrear

121	spend	spent	spent	gastar

122	spill	spilt	spilt	derramar

123	spin	spun	spun	hilar

124	spit	spat	spat	escupir

125	split	split	split	hender, partir, rajar

126	spoil	spoilt	spoilt	estropear

127	spread	spread	spread	extender

128	spring	sprang	sprung	saltar

129	stand	stood	stood	estar de pie

130	steal	stole	stolen	robar

131	stick	stuck	stuck	pegar, engomar

132	sting	stung	stung	picar

133	stink	stank	stunk	apestar

134	strew	strewed	strewn	diseminar

135	stride	strode	stridden	dar zancadas

136	strike	struck	struck	golpear (s)

137	swear	swore	sworn	jurar

138	sweep	swept	swept	barrer

139	swell	swelled	swollen	hincharse

140	swim	swam	swum	nadar

141	swing	swung	swung	columpiarse

142	take	took	taken	coger

143	teach	taught	taught	enseñar, educar

144	tear	tore	torn	rasgar

145	tell	told	told	contar, explicar

146	think	thought	thought	pensar

147	throw	threw	thrown	arrojar, tirar

148	thrust	thrust	thrust	introducir

149	tread	trod	trodden	pisar, hollar

150	undergo	underwent	undergone	sufrir

151	understand	understood	understood	entender, comprender

152	undertake	undertook	undertaken	emprender

153	upset	upset	upset	volcar, trastornar

154	wake	woke	woken	despertar(se) (w-) (up)

155	wear	wore	worn	llevar puesto, usar

156	weave	wove	woven	tejer

157	weep	wept	wept	sollozar

158	win	won	won	ganar

159	wind	wound	wound	enrollar

160	withdraw	withdrew	withdrawn	retirarse

161	wring	wrung	wrung	torcer

162	write	wrote	written	escribir